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	<id>http://ec2-44-218-8-154.compute-1.amazonaws.com/aiw/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Black_Swallowwort</id>
	<title>Black Swallowwort - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://ec2-44-218-8-154.compute-1.amazonaws.com/aiw/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Black_Swallowwort"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ec2-44-218-8-154.compute-1.amazonaws.com/aiw/index.php?title=Black_Swallowwort&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-24T07:08:57Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.40.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://ec2-44-218-8-154.compute-1.amazonaws.com/aiw/index.php?title=Black_Swallowwort&amp;diff=232&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Watlington: Realized two of the images were the same...  Added a fourth, and a comment about this not being a common problem on Acton Conservation lands</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ec2-44-218-8-154.compute-1.amazonaws.com/aiw/index.php?title=Black_Swallowwort&amp;diff=232&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-18T01:24:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Realized two of the images were the same...  Added a fourth, and a comment about this not being a common problem on Acton Conservation lands&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:24, 18 January 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cynanchum louiseae&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a.k.a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vincetoxicum nigrum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([https://cisma-suasco.org/invasive/black-swallowwort/ CISMA], [https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/louiseae/ GoBotany], [[wikipedia:Vincetoxicum_nigrum|Wikipedia]], [https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CYLO11 USDA]) is a twining, unbranched, perennial vine.  Leaves are opposite, with smooth edges and a pointed tip.  It has dark purple flowers, with five triangular petals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cynanchum louiseae&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a.k.a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vincetoxicum nigrum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([https://cisma-suasco.org/invasive/black-swallowwort/ CISMA], [https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/louiseae/ GoBotany], [[wikipedia:Vincetoxicum_nigrum|Wikipedia]], [https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CYLO11 USDA]) is a twining, unbranched, perennial vine.  Leaves are opposite, with smooth edges and a pointed tip.  It has dark purple flowers, with five triangular petals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;While there are no known infestations of Black Swallowwort on Acton Conservation Lands, an abutter to [[Great Hill]] did remove an infestation.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Vincetoxicum nigrum Ciemiężyk czarny 2020-08-07 01.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Black Swallowwort]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Vincetoxicum nigrum Ciemiężyk czarny 2020-08-07 01.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Black Swallowwort]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Removed plant material should be bagged, labelled, and provided to the Acton Natural Resources department for disposal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Removed plant material should be bagged, labelled, and provided to the Acton Natural Resources department for disposal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Vincetoxicum nigrum Ciemiężyk czarny 2020-08-07 02.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Black Swallowwort]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mowing does not stop growth, but it does stop the generation of seeds and subsequent spreading.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mowing does not stop growth, but it does stop the generation of seeds and subsequent spreading.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Common Mis-identifications ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Common Mis-identifications ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Vincetoxicum nigrum01.jpg|left|thumb|267x267px|Black Swallowwort]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Vencetósigo negro - Vincetoxicum nigrum (15060096286).jpg|thumb|280x280px|Black Swallowwort Flowers]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is sometimes confused with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pale Swallowwort&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/rossicum/ &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cynanchum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;rossicum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [[wikipedia:Vincetoxicum_rossicum|Wikipedia]]) which is also an invasive plant.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is sometimes confused with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pale Swallowwort&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/rossicum/ &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cynanchum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;rossicum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [[wikipedia:Vincetoxicum_rossicum|Wikipedia]]) which is also an invasive plant.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Watlington</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://ec2-44-218-8-154.compute-1.amazonaws.com/aiw/index.php?title=Black_Swallowwort&amp;diff=223&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Watlington: Created page with &quot;&#039;&#039;&#039;Cynanchum louiseae&#039;&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;a.k.a&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;Vincetoxicum nigrum&#039;&#039;&#039; ([https://cisma-suasco.org/invasive/black-swallowwort/ CISMA], [https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/louiseae/ GoBotany], Wikipedia, [https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CYLO11 USDA]) is a twining, unbranched, perennial vine.  Leaves are opposite, with smooth edges and a pointed tip.  It has dark purple flowers, with five triangular petals. Fil...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://ec2-44-218-8-154.compute-1.amazonaws.com/aiw/index.php?title=Black_Swallowwort&amp;diff=223&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-01-16T22:03:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cynanchum louiseae&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a.k.a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vincetoxicum nigrum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([https://cisma-suasco.org/invasive/black-swallowwort/ CISMA], [https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/louiseae/ GoBotany], &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincetoxicum_nigrum&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;wikipedia:Vincetoxicum nigrum&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, [https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CYLO11 USDA]) is a twining, unbranched, perennial vine.  Leaves are opposite, with smooth edges and a pointed tip.  It has dark purple flowers, with five triangular petals. Fil...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cynanchum louiseae&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;a.k.a&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vincetoxicum nigrum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([https://cisma-suasco.org/invasive/black-swallowwort/ CISMA], [https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/louiseae/ GoBotany], [[wikipedia:Vincetoxicum_nigrum|Wikipedia]], [https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CYLO11 USDA]) is a twining, unbranched, perennial vine.  Leaves are opposite, with smooth edges and a pointed tip.  It has dark purple flowers, with five triangular petals.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Vincetoxicum nigrum Ciemiężyk czarny 2020-08-07 01.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Black Swallowwort]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Removal ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Vincetoxicum nigrum Ciemiężyk czarny 2020-08-07 02.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Black Swallowwort Seed Pods]]&lt;br /&gt;
Black Swallowwort should be removed from the ground by digging up its rhizomes so that the plant cannot reproduce. The vine has an extensive rhizome system which must be completely removed to prevent new shoots from growing.  Trying to remove the vine by pulling will often cause the plant to detach from its rhizome, allowing the vine to continue to grow new shoots.   Seed pods must be disposed of carefully, to avoid inadvertently spreading the seeds to new areas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Removed plant material should be bagged, labelled, and provided to the Acton Natural Resources department for disposal.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Vincetoxicum nigrum Ciemiężyk czarny 2020-08-07 02.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Black Swallowwort]]&lt;br /&gt;
Mowing does not stop growth, but it does stop the generation of seeds and subsequent spreading.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Mis-identifications ==&lt;br /&gt;
It is sometimes confused with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pale Swallowwort&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/cynanchum/rossicum/ &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cynanchum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;rossicum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;,&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [[wikipedia:Vincetoxicum_rossicum|Wikipedia]]) which is also an invasive plant.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Watlington</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>